THE HARMONY OF TIME, SPACE AND NATURE IN THE WORKS OF THOMAS HARDY AND KHURSHID DO‘STMUHAMMAD

Abstract

This article investigates the harmony of time, space and nature in the prose of Thomas Hardy and Khurshid Do‘stmuhammad from a comparative-typological and chronotopic perspective. The study proceeds from the premise that literary time and literary space become aesthetically meaningful when they are organized through recurrent natural rhythms, landscape structures and symbolic environmental images. The research material includes Hardy’s The Return of the Native and Tess of the d’Urbervilles together with Do‘stmuhammad’s Bozor, Jajman and Donishmand Sizif. The methodology combines M. M. Bakhtin’s theory of the chronotope, close reading, comparative poetics, hermeneutic interpretation and elements of ecocritical analysis. The findings demonstrate that Hardy constructs Wessex as a spatial-temporal system in which geological duration, seasonal recurrence, agricultural labour and human destiny intersect. The study concludes that the unity of time, space and nature is a central organizing principle in both authors’ poetics, although Hardy tends toward environmental continuity and cyclical duration, whereas Do‘stmuhammad favors symbolic condensation and subjective temporality.