American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development

THЕОRЕTICАL АND MЕTHОDОLОGICАL BАSIS ОF TЕSTОLОGICАL CОMPЕTЕNCЕ FОR HISTОRY TЕАCHЕRS

2025-04-08T18:21:43+00:00

Thе dеvеlоpmеnt оf tеstоlоgicаl cоmpеtеncе in histоry tеаchеrs is impоrtаnt fоr thе dеvеlоpmеnt оf еffеctivе еducаtiоnаl prаcticе. This аrticlе еxаminеs thе thеоrеticаl аnd mеthоdоlоgicаl fоundаtiоns оf tеstоlоgy, еmphаsizing its аpplicаtiоn in histоry еducаtiоn. Thе thеоrеticаl bаsis is bаsеd оn thе principlеs оf pеdаgоgy, еducаtiоnаl psychоlоgy, аnd аssеssmеnt thеоry, whilе thе mеthоdоlоgicаl аpprоаch cоmbinеs trаditiоnаl аnd innоvаtivе mеthоds оf tеаchеr trаining. Thе mаin аspеcts discussеd includе thе dеfinitiоn аnd cоmpоnеnts оf tеstоlоgicаl cоmpеtеncе, strаtеgiеs fоr dеvеlоping аssеssmеnts thаt аssеss bоth histоricаl knоwlеdgе аnd criticаl thinking, аnd prоblеms еncоuntеrеd in implеmеnting tеstоlоgicаl trаining. Thе аrticlе cоncludеs with а discussiоn оf bеst prаcticеs аnd rеcоmmеndаtiоns fоr imprоving tеstоlоgicаl cоmpеtеncе in histоry tеаchеr trаining prоgrаms.

FERTILIZER IN INCREASING SOIL FERTILITY

2025-04-09T19:29:35+00:00

This article presents the reduction of nitrite and nitrate content in the soil and food crops by safe and non-toxic fertilizing of agricultural crops through various methods of storage and neutralization of manure released by farm animals.

OPPORTUNITIES AND LEGAL BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN'S ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE AND THEIR ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES IN UZBEKISTAN

2025-04-10T19:00:29+00:00

The article focuses on the new reforms carried out in the framework of the state policy on the issue of treatment of women in New Uzbekistan and their legal framework, protection of women's rights, freedoms and legitimate interests, increasing the social activity of women today, increasing their position in the family and society and the issues of increasing the role of women's labor in the development of small business and private entrepreneurship, the role of women entrepreneurs in the modern world, support for women's entrepreneurship and the creation of a business environment.

UZBEKISTAN IN THE CONDITIONS OF TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM L. (EKOFOROMASI PAKISTAN) WHICH MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SEEDS

2025-04-10T19:02:49+00:00

This research T. foenum-graecum (Greek shambalasi) morphological features of the plant was conducted in the conditions of uzbekistan, made a deep analysis on the basis of experimental studies. Research for T. foenum-graecum seed plant which study morphological indicators, and identified specific biological features biomorfologik. In particular, the weight of 1000 pieces hawthorn seeds 15,4-15,7 g, determines that it is around. In terms of appearance the seeds of his size and highlights. Their length 5-6 mm and 2-3 mm in width, have them in brown or dark brown color, pink colored seed hawthorn seems to be on the end of a sign. Also, half the seeds in the form of black dots on the basis of the presence of oysimon, was dedicated as foreign to the specific characteristics of its. Morphological indicators and provides accurate information about their research, which image of the seeds of this plant allows us to form a more complete picture about the features of specific biomorfologik more. The results of this research, T. foenum-graecum plant in uzbekistan in the context of the development of morphological changes and be applied in practice gives important knowledge about its. These changes of the plant, agricultural and effective to be applied in the pharmaceutical industry is of great importance. Practical importance of research results in the planting of plants, their growth will help to control and use resources effectively.

THE ROLE OF URBAN CENTERS IN DRIVING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN

2025-04-11T15:38:11+00:00

Cities are the epicenters of economic, technological, and cultural progress in the modern world. This article analyzes the economic significance of urban centers, with a focus on Uzbekistan, and explores how urbanization contributes to national development. Using qualitative and comparative methods, the article identifies key infrastructure, labor market, and innovation dynamics that drive city economies. It concludes that efficient urban planning and strategic investment are essential for balanced and sustainable development.

CEREBRAL PALSY: THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE OF THE PROBLEM

2025-04-16T11:23:05+00:00

Based on the results of the analysis of scientific data, the understanding of the prevalence of cerebral palsy in Uzbekistan and abroad has been updated. The review describes the risk factors associated with the development of this pathology, indicates the main approaches to the classification of cerebral palsy, the characteristic clinical picture, and issues of diagnosis and treatment. Despite the presence of a large number of studies devoted to this issue, at this stage there is no consensus on the etiology and issues of early diagnosis remain unresolved to the end.

DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY AS A BASIS FOR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY

2025-04-16T11:30:14+00:00

The role and features of the digitalization of the economy, which is an objective prerequisite for the innovative development of the state economic system, are revealed, and the results are studied and the prospects for the implementation of the digital economy in the countries of the post-Soviet space are determined. The features of digital representation of information, prerequisites, implementation and consequences of digitalization are considered. An analysis of the relationship between the concepts of "digitization", "digitalization", "digital economy", "digital transformation" is carried out based on the study of the specific features of these categories as a process, application and implementation of its results in building business models. The advanced experience of digitalization development in a number of countries of the post-Soviet space is studied. The forms and methods of assessing the degree of digitalization coverage of Uzbekistan are considered to obtain new opportunities for the use of digital technologies in business, the creation of information technology platforms, new values, benefits, and the provision of virtual services. It is proposed to intensify cooperation between IT companies of the countries in such areas as media content, e-commerce, e-government, digital banking technologies, exchange of experience, the development of innovation centers, the management of technology parks and the development of technological infrastructure. The important role of private business in stimulating the use of the results of the digital economy is noted.

PROPER EVENT PLANNING AS A VERITABLE TOOL FOR PROMOTING CULTURAL RELATIVISM

2025-04-22T06:22:34+00:00

This study examines the relationship between proper event planning and the promotion of cultural relativism, with a focus on the Calabar Carnival in Nigeria. The research explores how well-organized cultural events contribute to fostering intercultural appreciation, preserving indigenous traditions, and promoting social harmony. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. The study reveals that proper event planning significantly promotes cultural relativism in social and cultural events, while mega-events like the Calabar Carnival have a profound influence on intercultural interactions and cultural understanding. The findings highlight the importance of inclusive event planning, cultural sensitivity, and authenticity in promoting cultural appreciation and unity. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on event management, cultural relativism, and intercultural interactions, providing valuable insights for event planners, cultural policymakers, and scholars in the field. The research recommends that event planners prioritize cultural authenticity, inclusivity, and sensitivity to promote cultural relativism and unity, and suggests avenues for future research on the long-term effects of mega-events on intercultural relations.

APPRAISAL OF ECONOMIC BACKGROUND, FINANCIAL SYSTEMS AND FINANCIAL MARKET SIZE IN NEW YORK, LONDON, TOKYO AND NIGERIA

2025-04-23T18:34:44+00:00

This study offers an evaluation of the economic background, financial systems, and market sizes of four key financial centres: New York, London, Tokyo, and Nigeria. These markets exhibit differing levels of development, global impact, and regulatory structures; each individually contributing to the global financial environment. New York is the biggest financial centre globally, characterised by substantial liquidity, market variety, and robust regulatory supervision. London's financial system is distinguished by its long existence, global scope, convenient time zone, fintech advancements, and responsiveness to post-Brexit regulatory obstacles. Tokyo features a substantial domestic market characterised by a conservative investing ethos mixed with fintech drive whereas Nigeria exemplifies a developing market with growth prospects driven by its sizable population and fintech-oriented financial inclusion efforts. The research emphasizes critical elements like technological improvements, regulatory changes, and the influence of geopolitical concerns through a comparative examination of different financial systems. The text examines the dimensions and liquidity of each market, demonstrating the substantial variations in market capitalisation, trade volumes, and economic impact across different financial centres. The study concludes by delineating prospective trends that may transform these financial markets, encompassing the emergence of fintech, the integration of technology, and the changing role of retail investors. Among others, the study recommended that financial regulators across all four markets must persist in adapting and fortifying regulatory frameworks to mitigate growing risks, especially with technology and cryptocurrencies. Lucid and transparent laws will enhance investor trust and market stability.

LEGAL ISSUES OF STATE DUTY REFUND UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF UZBEKISTAN

2025-04-26T10:15:10+00:00

The article examines the grounds and procedure for the return of state duty under the legislation of Uzbekistan. This legal mechanism ensures the protection of the property interests of persons participating in economic disputes, if there are legal grounds for the return of the amount paid.

ANALYSIS OF PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES IN OBSTETRICS-GYNECOLOGICAL WORDS IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH

2025-04-28T08:49:32+00:00

This article presents the ideas that word formation is the formation of a new meaningful word by adding an affix to the root morpheme, that the main task of word formation is to increase the new vocabulary of the language, and that the greater the vocabulary of the language, the more fluent and colorful the speaker's speech will be. This research used the descriptive qualitative method. Contrastive analysis is used to describe the result of the study between English and Uzbek suffixes that had been compared.

MORAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPAREDNESS IN THE PHYSICAL TRAINING OF MILITARY PERSONNEL: IMPORTANCE AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES

2025-04-28T11:38:07+00:00

This article examines the crucial role of moral and psychological preparedness in the physical training of military personnel. In the contemporary security landscape characterized by complex military-political threats and global tensions, soldiers are required not only to possess strong physical capabilities but also high levels of moral and psychological resilience. The research identifies the significant impact of moral-psychological readiness on operational efficiency, stress management, and decision-making under extreme conditions. Methodologically, the study is based on a mixed approach, integrating a review of international scientific literature, statistical analysis of surveys conducted among military personnel, and comparative studies. The findings reveal that military units implementing comprehensive moral-psychological training experience a marked improvement in combat performance, group cohesion, and psychological stability. Based on the results, specific recommendations are proposed to institutionalize moral-psychological training and innovate military educational programs. The study underscores the necessity of treating moral and psychological preparedness as a fundamental pillar of military effectiveness in modern warfare.

BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF AGING AND DEATH

2025-04-28T11:40:39+00:00

Aging is characterized by a gradual loss of physiological integrity, leading to functional decline and increased vulnerability to death. This deterioration is a primary risk factor for major human pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Research on aging has seen unprecedented progress in recent years, particularly in understanding how the rate of aging is regulated by genetic pathways and biochemical processes that have been preserved at least to some extent through evolution.

DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE GAME-BASED EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS FOR STUDENTS USING SUPERCOMPUTER MODELING

2025-04-28T11:44:07+00:00

This article discusses the development of interactive educational systems based on supercomputer modeling and their impact on students’ learning processes. The high computational power of supercomputers allows for the simulation of complex processes, enabling students to study real-life scenarios in a virtual environment. Interactive games increase students’ interest in lessons and ensure their active participation. The article outlines the stages of developing such systems, the technologies and algorithms used, and presents examples from both Uzbekistan and international practices. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the integration of supercomputer-based modeling and interactive game-based educational systems contributes to making the learning process more effective and engaging.

ORGANIZATION OF THE PRIMARY SEED BREEDING OF THE LARGE SEED "ZABARDAST" VARIETY OF PEAS FOR EXPORT

2025-04-28T18:30:31+00:00

This article presents information on the morphological characteristics of ridges in the fields of annual generations of the chickpea variety "Iftikhor".

INTRODUCING FOREIGN EXPERIENCE INTO THE PRIMARY EDUCATION SYSTEM IN UZBEKISTAN AND ACHIEVEMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

2025-04-30T06:01:39+00:00

Nowadays, the process of widespread integration of digital technologies into Uzbekistan’s education system is actively underway. The use of electronic textbooks, distance learning platforms, and modern technological tools in schools is bringing the educational process to a qualitatively new level.

ADULTHOOD PERION IS MAIN FACTOR OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

2025-04-30T07:32:34+00:00

The article identifies the mechanisms for developing well-being based on the analysis of empirical research and develops scientific and practical recommendations for supporting psychological stability during this period. This article analyzes the adulthood period as a key stage in human development that affects psychological well-being. The research covers the theoretical and methodological foundations of the concept of psychological well-being based on the views of leading psychologists such as Carol Ryff, M. Seligman, and E. Diener, as well as approaches from representatives of the Uzbek psychological school. Internal (cognitive-emotional) and external (socio-cultural, professional) factors affecting psychological well-being during adulthood are systematically examined.

POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME IN WOMEN

2025-04-30T07:35:37+00:00

This article discusses the causes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women and the methods of treatment for this condition. PCOS is an endocrine disorder characterized by menstrual cycle irregularities, hyperandrogenemia, and metabolic changes due to ovarian dysfunction. It is prevalent among women of reproductive age and significantly impacts reproductive health and metabolic status. PCOS is a complex endocrine-metabolic syndrome requiring long-term monitoring and comprehensive treatment. Timely diagnosis and treatment based on an individualized approach can help improve reproductive health and reduce metabolic risks.

ANALYSIS OF ETHNOGRAPHIC TYPES OF UZBEK NATIONAL EMBROIDERED HEADDRESSES

2025-05-01T12:34:21+00:00

This study analyzes the ethnographic types of traditional Uzbek embroidered headdresses, focusing on their historical, cultural, and regional significance. Special attention is given to women's peshonaband and men's salla from Bukhara, highlighting embroidery techniques such as zardozi. The research demonstrates how these headdresses function as cultural identifiers and artistic heritage. Contemporary relevance and preservation efforts are also discussed to underscore their importance in modern Uzbek identity.